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Some
and any
Some/any
+ -one/-body/-thing/-where
(a)
Обычно some
применяют в утвердительном
предложении, а any
- в отрицательном
и в вопросах (но
обратите внимание на пункты b
и d):
- Sue
has caught some
flies. -
We haven't
got any
money.
-
I've got something
tasty to eat. -
He's busy. He never
has any
time.
-
Let's go somewhere
quiet. -
She never
goes anywhere.
- She
refused to do anything.
(b)
Any
/ anyone
/ anything
и т.д. часто используются после if
:
- If
there are any
calls for me, can you say that I'm not home?
-
If
anyone has any
questions, ask now.
-
If
you want anything,
say it to the servant, he'll do everything.
в предложениях без
if,
но смысл в них тот же:
- Anyone
who wants to get this job must give me their names before
Tuesday.
(= if there is anyone who ...)
-
I'll welcome any
guests that will come to you.
(= if there are any)
с)
В вопросительных предложениях обычно употребляется
местоимение any
(а не `some'):
- Have
you got any
coffee? - Has anybody
called me?
Но some
часто используется
в вопросах, когда ожидаемым
ответом является `yes'
:
- What's
wrong with him? Has he got some
troubles?
(= I think
he has got some troubles
and I expect you to say `yes')
- She's
in a hurry. Is she going out somewhere?
(= She's looking miserable.
Isn't she going out anywhere?)
и в вопросах, особенно
когда мы предлагаем или просим о чём-либо:
- Would
you like some
work? - Can I have some
of those vegetables?
(d)
Any
/anyone
/anybody
/anything
/anywhere
могут означать
it
doesn't matter which /who
/what
/where:
- You
can buy any of these suits.
(=неважно который из
этих костюмов)
- Call
me any time
you need. (=неважно
когда)
- You
can have anything you want
for your birthday present.
-
She left the child in the street. Anybody
could have walked off with it.
-
I'd rather go anywhere
than stay at home.
-
`Tell me a story.' `What story shall I tell?' `Any
one. I don't mind.'
(e)
Someone
/somebody
/anyone
/anybody
используются, как
слова в единственном числе:
- Someone
wants to
talk with you.
-
Is
anybody home?
Но часто they
/ them
/ their
используются после
этих слов вместо he
/ she
:
- If
anyone needs
to leave , they
can. (= he or she
can)
- Somebody
has spilt their
(= his or her) coffee
on the carpet.
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