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No/none/any
No/any
+
-one/-body/-thing/-where
(a)
No
none no-one nobody nothing nowhere
- No-one
(или Nobody)
came
to see the lonely child.
- No
system of government is perfect.
-
`Where are you going?' `Nowhere.
I'm staying here.'
-
None
of this money is mine.
-
`What will you do this evening?' `Nothing.'
частица not
никогда не
употребляется с этими
словами, так
как они уже имеют отрицательное значение:
- I
heard nothing.
(но не `I didn't hear nothing.')
- Nobody
does anything
I say.
В середине или в конце
предложения чаще всего используется конструкция с отрицательным
глаголом:
(not...any
/anyone
/anybody
/anything
/anywhere
)
:
- I
didn't
feel anything
(= I felt nothing.)
- We
haven't
got any money.
(= We've got no money.)
- The
house isn't anywhere
near here. (= ...
is nowhere near here)
- She
didn't
meet anyone
on her way. (= She
met no-one)
(b)
No
и
none =
not a
или not
any:
- We
had to walk because we had no
car.
(= we didn't have a car)
- I
can't explain it to you. I have no
time.
(= I haven't any time)
- There
were no seats evailable.
(= there weren't
any seats)
None
иногда может употребляться сам по себе (без существительного):
- `How
many brothers has he got?' `None.'
none
of употребляется
в следующих фпазах:
none
of
these shops none of
my money none of
it/us/you/them
После none
of +
слово во множественном числе ('none
of the
girls / none
of them'
и т.д.) может употребляться
глагол как в единственном числе, так и во множественном.:
- None
of the people
I met there were
friendly to me.
с)
После no-one
/nobody
часто используются
they
/them
/their
:
- Nobody
came, did they?
(= он или она?)
- No-one
in the class were ready with their
homework.
(= его или ее домашняя
работа)
(d)
any
/no
могут быть использованы
с прилагательными в сравнительной
степени (any
better /no
bigger и
т.д.):
- Does
she feel any better
today? (= Does she
feel better at all? -
спрашивают у кого-то,
кто чувствовал себя плохо вчера)
- I've
waited long enough. I'm not
waiting any longer.
(=не минутой дольше)
- I
expected his wife to be young but she is no
younger than mine.
(= не моложе даже на
чуть-чуть)
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