Infinitive
or -ing?(3)
- be afraid,
need, help
(a)
Be
afraid to do и
be
afraid of -ing
I
am afraid to do something =
Я не хочу что-то
делать, поскольку это небезопасно
или результат
действия мне нежелателен:
-
The streets in this city are not safe at night. Many people
are afraid
to
go
out alone.
(= они не хотят выходить в
одиночку, потому
что это опасно)
-
She was afraid
to tell her parents that
she had broken the neighbour's window.
(=она не хотела говорить об
этом родителям, потому что они
рассердятся на нее)
I
am afraid of something happening
= возможность,
что случится нечто нежелательное:
-
We walked along the path very carefully because it was icy and
we were afraid
of falling.
(not `afraid to fall')
-
I don't like dogs. I'm always afraid
of being bitten.
(not `afraid to be bitten')
Итак, you
are afraid to
do something,
потому что
you
are afraid of something
happening в
качестве результата. Сравните:
-
The boys were afraid
to play football in the
garden because they were afraid
of
breaking a window.
-
I was afraid
to stay in the sun because I was
afraid of getting burnt.
(b)
Need
to do и
need
-ing
I
need to do something =
мне надо что-то сделать:
-
I need
to take more exercise.
-
He needs
to work harder.
-
I don't need
to come to the meeting,
do I?
Need
-ing =
необходимость делать что-то (употребляется
поэтому в passive):
-
The batteries in this radio need
changing.
(=
необходимость замены)
-
This jacket is rather dirty. It needs
cleaning.
(=
необходимость чистки)
-
Do you think the grass needs
cutting?
(=
необходимость стрижки)
(c)
Help
За
help
следует инфинитив
с to
или без:
-
Everybody helped
(to) clean up after the
party.
-
Can somebody help
me (to) move
this table?
Существует
выражение `can't
help doing something.'
I
can't help doing something =
Я не смог удержаться,
чтобы не сделать этого:
-
I tried to be serious but I couldn't
help laughing.
-
I'm sorry I broke the glass. Someone pushed me and
I
couldn't
help dropping it.
-
He is stupid but it's not his fault. He can't
help being stupid.
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